Shanghai Vithy Yatsinze neza Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ryubushinwa Nickel & Cobalt Inganda 2024: Ubushishozi na Filtration Porogaramu

I.Intangiriro

Inganda za nikel na cobalt nigice cyingenzi cyurwego rutari ferrous, rufite iterambere ryiza mumyaka yashize. Mugihe impinduka z’ibidukikije nk’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zifata umwanya wa mbere, nikel igira uruhare runini mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu zisukuye, cyane cyane muri bateri nshya. Nyamara, inganda zihura n’ibibazo byinshi, harimo kubura mu gihugu umutungo wa nikel na cobalt, ihindagurika rikomeye ry’ibiciro ku isoko rya nikel na cobalt ku isi, kongera amarushanwa mu nganda, ndetse n’inzitizi z’ubucuruzi ku isi.

 

Uyu munsi, inzibacyuho yingufu nkeya za karubone zahindutse isi yose, bikurura abantu cyane kubyuma byingenzi nka nikel na cobalt. Kubera ko isi yose nikel na cobalt bigenda byiyongera cyane, ingaruka za politiki zituruka mu bihugu by’Uburayi na Amerika ya Ruguru ku rwego rushya rw’ingufu ziragenda zigaragara. Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’inganda mu Bushinwa Nickel & Cobalt 2024 ryabaye kuva ku ya 29 kugeza ku ya 31 Ukwakira i Nanchang, Intara ya Jiangxi, mu Bushinwa. Iri huriro rigamije guteza imbere iterambere ryiza kandi rifite gahunda mu nganda za nikel na cobalt ku isi binyuze mu itumanaho ryinshi n’ubufatanye muri ibyo birori. Nkumufatanyabikorwa wiyi nama, Shanghai Vithy Filter System Co., Ltd. yishimiye gusangira ubushishozi no kumenyekanisha porogaramu zungurura zijyanye ninganda.

 

 

II. Ubushishozi buva Ihuriro rya Nickel na Cobalt

 

1.Nickel na Cobalt Lithium Ubushishozi

(1) Cobalt: Kwiyongera kw'ibiciro by'umuringa na nikel byatumye ishoramari ryiyongera ndetse no kurekura ubushobozi, bituma habaho kugabanuka mu gihe gito ibikoresho fatizo bya cobalt. Icyerekezo cyibiciro bya cobalt gikomeje kwiheba, kandi hagomba gukorwa imyiteguro ishobora kuzamuka mumyaka iri imbere. Mu 2024, biteganijwe ko itangwa rya cobalt ku isi rizarenga toni 43.000, hakaba hateganijwe ko amafaranga arenga toni zisaga 50.000 mu 2025. Iri soko ry’ibanze riterwa ahanini n’ubwiyongere bw’ubushobozi bwihuse ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa, ryatewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’umuringa na nikel kuva mu 2020, ryashishikarije iterambere ry’imishinga y’umuringa-cobalt muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo na nikel hydrometallurgical. Kubwibyo, cobalt irimo gukorwa cyane nkumusaruro.

 

Biteganijwe ko ikoreshwa rya Cobalt rizakira mu 2024, aho umwaka ushize wiyongera ku gipimo cya 10,6%, ahanini biterwa no gukira kwa 3C (mudasobwa, itumanaho, hamwe n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki) ndetse no kwiyongera kwa bateri ya nikel-cobalt. Icyakora, biteganijwe ko iterambere rizagenda gahoro kugera kuri 3,4% muri 2025 bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikoranabuhanga rya bateri nshya y’imodoka zikoresha ingufu, bigatuma habaho sulfate ya cobalt ikabije kandi bikaviramo igihombo ku masosiyete. Ikinyuranyo cyibiciro hagati yumunyu wa cobalt nu munyu wa cobalt uragenda wiyongera, aho umusaruro wa cobalt wo mu gihugu wiyongera byihuse ugera kuri toni 21.000, toni 42.000, na toni 60.000 muri 2023, 2024, na 2025, bikagera kuri toni 75.000. Ibicuruzwa birenze urugero biva mu myunyu ya cobalt bijya kuri cobalt metallic, byerekana ko bishoboka ko ibiciro bizakomeza kugabanuka mugihe kizaza. Ibintu byingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho mu nganda za cobalt harimo ingaruka za geopolitike ku itangwa ry’umutungo, ihungabana ry’ubwikorezi rigira ingaruka ku kuboneka kw'ibikoresho fatizo, guhagarika umusaruro mu mishinga ya hydrometallurgiki ya nikel, hamwe n’ibiciro bya cobalt bikurura ibicuruzwa. Ikinyuranyo cy’ibiciro kiri hagati yicyuma cya cobalt na sulfate ya cobalt giteganijwe kuba gisanzwe, kandi ibiciro bya cobalt bishobora kuzamura ibicuruzwa, cyane cyane mubice byiyongera cyane nkubwenge bw’ubukorikori, drone, na robo, byerekana ejo hazaza heza h’inganda za cobalt.

 

 

(2)Litiyumu: Mu gihe gito, karubone ya lithium irashobora kugira izamuka ryibiciro kubera imyumvire ya macroeconomic, ariko muri rusange ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka ni buke. Biteganijwe ko umusaruro wa lithium ku isi uzagera kuri toni miliyoni 1.38 LCE mu 2024, kwiyongera 25% ku mwaka ku mwaka, na toni miliyoni 1.61 LCE mu 2025, kwiyongera 11%. Biteganijwe ko Afurika izatanga hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’ubwiyongere bwiyongera mu 2024, hiyongereyeho toni 80.000 LCE. Mu karere, biteganijwe ko ibirombe bya Lithium yo muri Ositaraliya bizatanga toni zigera ku 444.000 LCE mu 2024, bikiyongeraho toni 32.000 LCE, mu gihe Afurika biteganijwe ko izatanga toni zigera ku 140.000 LCE mu 2024, bikaba bishoboka ko izagera kuri toni 220.000 LCE mu 2025. Umusaruro wa Litiyumu muri Amerika y'Epfo uracyiyongera, aho biteganijwe ko umuvuduko wa 20-25% uteganijwe mu biyaga by’umunyu muri 2024-2025. Mu Bushinwa, umusaruro wa lithium ugera kuri toni 325.000 LCE mu 2024, ukaba wiyongereyeho 37% umwaka ushize, bikaba biteganijwe ko uzagera kuri toni 415.000 LCE mu 2025, ubwiyongere bukadindira kugera kuri 28%. Kugeza 2025, ibiyaga byumunyu birashobora kurenza mika ya lithium nkisoko nini yo gutanga lithium mugihugu. Biteganijwe ko amafaranga asabwa-azakomeza kwaguka ava kuri toni 130.000 akagera kuri toni 200.000 hanyuma akagera kuri toni 250.000 LCE kuva 2023 kugeza 2025, hamwe no kugabanuka gukabije kwari guteganijwe mu 2027.

 

Igiciro cyumutungo wa lithium kwisi yose ukurikiranwa kuburyo bukurikira: ibiyaga byumunyu

 

2. Ubushishozi bwitumanaho ku isoko

Gahunda yumusaruro yo mu Gushyingo yavuguruwe hejuru ugereranije n’ibiruhuko nyuma yUkwakira, hamwe no gutandukanya umusaruro mu nganda za lithium fer fosifate. Uruganda rukora lithium fer fosifate rukomeza gukoresha ubushobozi buhanitse, mu gihe ibigo bya gatatu byagabanutseho gato umusaruro w’umusaruro ugera kuri 15%. Nubwo bimeze gurtyo, igurishwa rya lithium cobalt oxyde nibindi bicuruzwa byongeye kwiyongera, kandi ibicuruzwa ntibyerekanye ko byagabanutse cyane, bigatuma abantu benshi babona ibintu muri cathode mu gihugu mu Gushyingo.

 

Ubwumvikane bwamasoko hepfo kubiciro bya lithium ni hafi 65.000 yuan / toni, hamwe hejuru ya 85.000-100.000 yu / toni. Ibishobora kugabanuka kubiciro bya karubone ya lithium bigaragara ko ari bike. Mugihe ibiciro bigabanutse, ubushake bwisoko ryo kugura ibicuruzwa byiyongera. Hamwe no gukoresha buri kwezi toni 70.000-80,000 hamwe n’ibarura risagutse rya toni zigera ku 30.000, kuba hari abacuruzi n’abacuruzi benshi b'ejo hazaza byoroha gusya aya asagutse. Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyizere cya macroeconomic conditions, pessimism ikabije ntabwo bishoboka.

 

 

Intege nke ziherutse muri nikel ziterwa nuko ibipimo bya RKAB 2024 bishobora gukoreshwa gusa mu mpera zumwaka, kandi ibipimo byose bidakoreshwa ntibishobora gutwarwa umwaka utaha. Mu mpera z'Ukuboza, biteganijwe ko itangwa rya nikel ryoroha, ariko imishinga mishya ya pyrometallurgical na hydrometallurgical izaza kumurongo, bikagorana kugera kubintu bituje. Ufatanije n’ibiciro bya LME biri ku ntera ya vuba, amafaranga y’amabuye ya nikel ntabwo yagutse kubera koroshya amasoko, kandi amafaranga aragabanuka.

 

Kubireba imishyikirano yigihe kirekire yumwaka utaha, hamwe nikel, cobalt, na lithium byose biri kurwego rwo hasi, abakora cathode muri rusange bavuga ko banyuranyije nigabanuka ryigihe kirekire. Abakora bateri bakomeje gushyira "imirimo itagerwaho" kubakora cathode, hamwe na 90% igabanywa umunyu wa lithium kuri 90%, mugihe ibitekerezo byatanzwe nabakora umunyu wa lithium byerekana ko kugabanuka bikunze kuba hafi 98-99%. Kuri uru rwego rwo hasi rwose, imyifatire yabakinnyi bo hejuru no kumanuka bakina ituje ugereranije nigihe kimwe cyumwaka ushize, nta kwihangana gukabije. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane kuri nikel na cobalt, aho igipimo cyo guhuza ibihingwa bishongesha nikel kigenda cyiyongera, kandi kugurisha hanze kwa MHP (Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate) byibanda cyane, bikabaha imbaraga zo guhahirana. Ku giciro gito kiriho, abatanga isoko yo hejuru bahitamo kutagurisha, mugihe batangiye kuvuga igihe nikel ya LME yazamutse hejuru ya 16.000. Abacuruzi bavuga ko kugabanuka kwa MHP mu mwaka utaha ari 81, kandi abakora uruganda rwa nikel sulfate baracyakora igihombo. Muri 2024, nikel sulfate igiciro gishobora kwiyongera kubera ibiciro byibanze (imyanda na MHP).

 

3. Biteganijwe Gutandukana

Ubwiyongere bwumwaka-mwaka bwibisabwa mugihe cya "Zahabu Nzeri na silver Ukwakira" ntibishobora kuba hejuru nkigihe cya "Zahabu Werurwe na silver Mata Mata" mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka, ariko imirizo yumurizo wigihe cyimpeshyi yo mu Gushyingo iraramba kurenza uko byari byitezwe. Politiki yo mu gihugu yo gusimbuza ibinyabiziga bishaje by’amashanyarazi n’ibindi bishya, hamwe n’amabwiriza yatanzwe n’imishinga minini yo guhunika mu mahanga, yatanze inkunga ebyiri kugira ngo umurizo wa lisiyumu ya karubone irangire, mu gihe icyifuzo cya hydroxide ya lithium gikomeje kuba gito. Ariko, harakenewe ubwitonzi kubijyanye nimpinduka zateganijwe kuri bateri yumuriro nyuma yUgushyingo.

 

 

Pilbara na MRL, bafite igice kinini cyo kugurisha ku isoko ku buntu, bashyize ahagaragara raporo zabo Q3 2024, byerekana ingamba zo kugabanya ibiciro no kugabanya ubuyobozi. Igishimishije, Pilbara arateganya gufunga umushinga wa Ngungaju ku ya 1 Ukuboza, ashyira imbere iterambere ry’uruganda rwa Pilgan. Mugihe cyanyuma cyanyuma cyibiciro bya lithium kuva 2015 kugeza 2020, umushinga wa Altura watangijwe mu Kwakira 2018 uhagarika imirimo mu Kwakira 2020 kubera ikibazo cyamafaranga. Pilbara yaguze Altura mu 2021 maze yita umushinga Ngungaju, ateganya kuzitangira mu byiciro. Nyuma yimyaka itatu ikora, ubu igiye gufungwa kugirango ibungabunge. Kurenza ibiciro biri hejuru, iki cyemezo kigaragaza igabanuka ryibikorwa byumusaruro nigiciro ukurikije igiciro cya lithium yagenwe. Impirimbanyi hagati yibiciro bya lithium nibitangwa byahindutse bucece, kandi gukomeza gukoresha ku giciro nigisubizo cyo gupima ibyiza n'ibibi.

 

4. Iburira

Gukomeza kwiyongera mu buryo butunguranye mu kongera ingufu z’imodoka n’igurisha, kugabanuka kw’amabuye y'agaciro bitunguranye, n’ibidukikije.

 

III. Porogaramu ya Nickel na Cobalt

Nickel na cobalt bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha mubikorwa bitandukanye. Hano hari bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi bikoreshwa:

 

1.Gukora Bateri

 

(1) Batteri ya Litiyumu-Ion: Nickel na cobalt nibintu byingenzi bigize ibikoresho bya cathode muri bateri ya lithium-ion, bikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi (EV) nibikoresho bya elegitoronike bigendanwa nka terefone na mudasobwa zigendanwa.

(2)Batteri zikomeye: Ibikoresho bya Nickel na cobalt nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa muri bateri zikomeye, byongera ingufu numutekano.

 

 

2. Amashanyarazi

 

(1) Icyuma: Nickel nikintu cyingenzi mugukora ibyuma bitagira umwanda, kunoza ruswa nimbaraga.

(2)Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru: Amavuta ya Nickel-cobalt akoreshwa mu kirere no mu bindi bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bitewe n'ubushyuhe bukomeye n'imbaraga.

 

3. Catalizator

Imiti ya Catalizike: Nickel na cobalt bitanga umusemburo mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe bya chimique, bikoreshwa mugutunganya peteroli hamwe na synthesis.

 

4. Amashanyarazi

Inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi: Nickel ikoreshwa muri electroplating kugirango yongere imbaraga zo kwangirika hamwe nuburanga bwubutaka bwicyuma, bikoreshwa cyane mumodoka, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.

 

5. Ibikoresho bya rukuruzi

Imashini zihoraho: Cobalt ikoreshwa mugukora magneti-yimikorere ihoraho, ikoreshwa cyane muri moteri, moteri, na sensor.

 

6. Ibikoresho byubuvuzi

Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga: Amavuta ya Nickel-cobalt akoreshwa mubikoresho bimwe na bimwe byubuvuzi kugirango arusheho kwangirika no kwangirika kwa biocompatibilité.

 

Ingufu nshya

Ingufu za hydrogen: Nickel na cobalt bigira uruhare runini mu ikoranabuhanga rya hydrogène, byorohereza umusaruro wa hydrogène no kubika.

 

IV. Ikoreshwa rya Solid-Liquid Gutandukanya Akayunguruzo muri Nickel na Cobalt

Akayunguruzo gakomeye-gutandukanya gushungura bigira uruhare runini mukubyara nikel na cobalt, cyane cyane mubice bikurikira:

 

1.Gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro

(1) Mbere yo Kuvura.

(2)Kwibanda: Ikoranabuhanga rikomeye-ritandukanya tekinoroji irashobora kwibanda ku byuma byagaciro biva mu bucukuzi, bikagabanya umutwaro wo gutunganya neza.

 

2. Inzira yo Kwiga

(1) Gutandukana: Muburyo bwo kumeneka kwa nikel na cobalt, hifashishijwe akayunguruzo gakomeye-gutandukanya amazi akoreshwa mu gutandukanya imyunyu ngugu n’amabuye y'agaciro adashonga, bigatuma ibyuma byakuwe neza mu cyiciro cy’amazi.

(2)Kunoza ibiciro byo gukira: Gutandukanya neza-amazi meza birashobora kongera igipimo cyo kugarura nikel na cobalt, kugabanya imyanda yumutungo.

3. Inzira ya Electrowinning

(1) Kuvura Electrolyte.

(2)Kuvura umwanda: Amashanyarazi yakozwe nyuma ya electrowinning arashobora gutunganywa hifashishijwe tekinoroji yo gutandukanya ibintu bikomeye kugirango isubirane ibyuma byagaciro.

 

4. Gutunganya amazi mabi

(1) Kubahiriza ibidukikije: Muburyo bwo gukora nikel na cobalt, filtri yo gutandukanya amazi-ikomeye irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya amazi mabi, kuvanaho uduce twinshi n umwanda kugirango hubahirizwe amategeko y’ibidukikije.

(2)Kugarura Ibikoresho: Mugutunganya amazi mabi, ibyuma byingirakamaro birashobora kugarurwa, bikarushaho kuzamura imikoreshereze yumutungo.

 

5. Gutunganya ibicuruzwa

Gutandukana mugutunganya inzira.

 

 

 

6. Guhanga udushya

Ikoranabuhanga rishya: Inganda zibanda ku buhanga bushya bwo gutandukanya ibintu-bikomeye, nka membrane filtration na ultrafiltration, bishobora kunoza imikorere yo gutandukana no kugabanya gukoresha ingufu.

 

V. Intangiriro kuri Vithy Muyunguruzi

Mu rwego rwo hejuru-yogusukura ubwiyungurura, Vithy itanga ibicuruzwa bikurikira:

 

1. Microporous Cartridge Akayunguruzo 

lMicron Range: 0.1-100 micron

lMuyunguruzi: Ifu ya plastike (UHMWPE / PA / PTFE) ifu ya karitsiye yamashanyarazi; icyuma (SS316L / Titanium) ifu ya sinte ya karitsiye

lIbiranga: Kwiyuhagira byikora, gushungura cake kugarura, kwibanda cyane